济南朗阁外语培训中心 TED演讲看你朋友圈，就知道你是不是自恋( 二 ) 自恋

Taken to the extreme this behavior is classified as a psychological disorder called narcissistic personality disorder. It affects one to two percent of the population more commonly men. It is also a diagnosis reserved for adults. Young people especially children can be very self-centered but this might just be a normal part of development.
回到前面提到的那个极端的情况，这种行为被界定为一种心理障碍，即“自恋人格障碍” 。人口中1%－2%的人有这种障碍，而且多为男性。它还是一种只针对成年人进行诊断的病症。年轻人，尤其是儿童，可能非常自我为中心，但是这可能是成长过程中的正常现象。
The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual describes several traits associated with narcissistic personality disorder.
第五版的《美国精神病学会的精神疾病诊断与统计手册》中描述了自恋人格障碍的多种特质。
They include a grandiose view of oneself problems with empathy a sense of entitlement and a need for admiration or attention. What makes these trait a true personality disorder is that they take over people s lives and cause significant problems.
其中包括自视清高，难有同情心，特权意识，和需要被尊重和关注。使得这些特质成为真正的人格障碍的是他们主导别人的生活并且造成重大的麻烦。
Imagine that instead of caring for your spouse or children you used them as a source of attention or admiration. Or imagine that instead of seeking constructive feedback about your performance you instead told everyone who tried to help you that they were wrong.
试想一下，不去关心爱护你的伴侣或者孩子，你利用他们作为一种获得关注或者尊重的资源。假设你不去寻求对于你自己表现的建设性意见，而是去指责每个试图帮助你的人。

So what causes narcissism? Twin studies show a strong genetic component although we don t know which genes are involved. But environment matters too. Parents who put their child on a pedestal can foster grandiose narcissism. And cold controlling parents can contribute to vulnerable narcissism.
那么，是什么导致了自恋呢？根据两项相关研究，是一种很强的基因成分（导致了自恋），虽然我们还无从知道究竟是些什么基因参与了其中。不过，外在环境的原因也不容忽视。如果家长把孩子捧得很高，那么他们的孩子就可能变成浮夸型的自恋者。冷酷的控制欲强的家长容易培养出脆弱型自恋者。
Narcissism also seems to be higher in cultures that value individuality and self-promotion. In the United States for example narcissism as a personality trait has been rising since the 1970s when the communal focus of the 60s gave way to the self-esteem movement and a rise in materialism.
在注重个人价值和自我推销的文化中，自恋程度也似乎更高。比如在美国，从上个世纪70年代以来，自恋作为一种个性特质一直在增加，这一时期不仅自我主义运动取代了其60年代对于公共的关切，而且物质至上精神不断高涨。
More recently social media has multiplied the possibilities for self-promotion though it s worth noting that there s no clear evidence that social media causes narcissism. Rather it provides narcissists a means to seek social status and attention.
最近，社交媒体极大地提升了自我鼓吹的可能性，虽然需要说明一下目前没有明确的证据显示社交媒体导致了自恋；但是，它为自恋者提供了一种去寻求社会地位和关注的渠道。
So can narcissists improve on those negative traits? Yes! Anything that promotes honest reflection on their own behavior and caring for others like psychotherapy or practicing compassion towards others can be helpful. The difficulty is it can be challenging for people with narcissistic personality disorder to keep working at self-betterment. For a narcissist self-reflection is hard from an unflattering angle.
那么，自恋者能不能修正这些缺点呢？能！任何可以帮助自己客观审视自己，和关爱他人的事情，像心理疗法或者增强同情心的训练，都是有效的。难就难在，有自恋人格障碍的人难以不断地自我努力和自我完善。对于一个自恋者而言，从不讨喜的角度进行自我反省是困难的。
【济南朗阁外语培训中心|TED演讲 | 看你朋友圈，就知道你是不是自恋】*本文图片来源于网络

济南朗阁外语培训中心 TED演讲看你朋友圈，就知道你是不是自恋( 二 )

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